The usage and pricing of gasoline results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded worldwide the trade prices are similar, the price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy: some regions, such as Europe and Japan, impose high taxes on gasoline; others, such as Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, subsidize the cost.[1] Western countries have among the highest usage rates of gasoline per person. The largest consumer of gasoline is the United States, which used an average of 386 million US gallons (1.46 gigalitres) of gasoline each day in 2005.[2]
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U.S. gasoline demand is projected to average 9.12 million barrels per day (1,450,000 m3/d) in 2011. Americans are expected to travel 8.27 billion miles per day in 2011. This equates to an average of 33 miles per vehicle per day. The markup on gasoline in 2010 was 16.3 cents/gallon, or 5.6 percent, and the federal excise tax on gasoline is 18.4 cents per gallon and 24.4 cents per gallon for diesel fuel. In January 2011, motor gasoline taxes averaged 48.1 cents per gallon and diesel fuel taxes averaged 53.1 cents per gallon. Factoring in all gasoline sales in 2009 transactions — whether the customer paid by cash, check or by either debit or credit card — credit and debit card fees averaged 4.7 cents per gallon.[3]
Finished motor gasoline amounts to 44% of the total US consumption of petroleum products.[4] This corresponds to 18.5 Exajoules per year. According to national figures from the US Department of Energy, in March 2007 52% of the cost of gasoline went to pay for crude oil, 24% for refining, 15% to taxes, and 9% for distribution and marketing. These had changed to 72.7% for crude oil, 10% for refining, 11% to taxes, and 6% for distribution and marketing.[5]
In 2008, a report by Cambridge Energy Research Associates stated that 2007 had been the year of peak gasoline usage in the United States, and that record energy prices would cause an "enduring shift" in energy consumption practices.[6] According to the report, in April gas consumption had been lower than a year before for the sixth straight month, suggesting 2008 would be the first year US gasoline usage declined in 17 years. The total miles driven in the US began declining in 2006.[7]
The average price of gas in 2011 (as of September) was $3.56, the highest ever for a year, though Tom Kloza of the Oil Price Information Service predicted Americans would also buy the most gas ever — $490 billion worth. As of September 26, the average price of gas was $3.51, with California at $3.89 for the highest in the U.S., and Missouri at $3.21 for the lowest.[8]
Most European countries have high fuel taxes. The prices have traditionally been three to four times the price in the United States, with prices during 2000-2005 of €1,50/litre (about US$2.14/l or $8.10/gal) while the US had prices around $1.50/gal or $0.40/l. After a large increase until the summer of 2008, the end of 2008 experienced a strong decline linked with a sharp economic downturn, with the average price of gas in the U.S. at $1.87/gal (December 2, 2008). However, the price of gas in Europe is still more than double the US price at €1.45/litre.[9] Russia and some neighboring countries have a much smaller tax, with gasoline prices similar to the US.
A number of countries subsidize the cost of gasoline and other petroleum products. Subsidies make transport of people and goods cheaper, but discourage fuel efficiency. In some countries, the soaring cost of crude oil since 2003 has led to these subsidies being cut, moving inflation from the government debt to the general populace, sometimes resulting in political unrest.
Fuel subsidies are common in oil-rich countries. Venezuela, which has vast oil reserves, maintains a price of Bs.F 0.097 per litre (around US$0.02), and has done so since 1998.[10] Other countries with subsidized fuel include Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Burma, Malaysia, Kuwait, Trinidad and Tobago, Brunei and Bolivia. On December 26, 2010, the Bolivian government issued a decree removing subsidies which had fixed gasoline and diesel prices for the past seven years. Arguing that illegal export (contraband) to neighboring countries was harming the economy, Bolivia eliminated the subsidies and raised gas prices as much as 83%. After widespread strikes, the Bolivian government canceled all planned price hikes [11]. On the 1st of January 2012, the Nigerian Government ceased subsidizing the cost of fuel in the country. [12]
In March 2005, Indonesia increased the price of gasoline and diesel by 29%, causing widespread protests. The price of gasoline was raised from Rp 1800 (US$0.20) per litre to Rp 2400 (US$0.25) per litre, while diesel rose from Rp 1650 (US$0.18) to Rp 2100 (US$0.23). Prices were increased again in October to Rp 4500 (US$0.48) a litre, an 87.5% rise, for gasoline, while diesel was increased to Rp 4300 (US$0.46), and kerosene, used for cooking, increased from Rp 700 (US$0.08) to Rp 2000 (US$0.22) per litre. The price increases came as oil prices threatened to increase the government's oil subsidy to US$14 billion per year, and caused further protests.
With oil reaching over US$145 a barrel, Indonesia further increased prices on May 24, 2008 to Rp 6000 (approx. US$0.65) per litre, and diesel to Rp 5500 (approx. US$0.60) per litre, while kerosene was raised to Rp 2500 (approx. US$0.28), moves which caused widespread protests.[13] In addition, it was suggested that private car owners, who are wealthy in Indonesian terms, would eventually be excluded from subsidies entirely, with the cheap fuel limited to public transport and motorcycles.
People have been encouraged to switch to LPG for cooking, as Indonesia is the world's largest exporter, whereas its oil industry is in decline, and it is now a net importer.
Malaysia spends US$14 billion subsidising gasoline, diesel and gas each year.[14] Effective June 5, 2008 gasoline prices increased by 40% to RM2.70/litre (US$3.30 a gallon), from RM1.92/litre (US$2.32 a gallon). Diesel prices rose by RM1.00/litre to RM2.58 (US$3.04 per gallon), a 158% increase. It was announced that price increases were planned to bring fuel prices in line with global market cost, suggesting that it may hit US$3.80 per gallon by August. The Malaysian government has also announced a yearly cash rebate of RM625 per year to Malaysian citizens who own cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc or less and RM200 tax rebate to cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc and above to offset the increased costs.[15] The government introduced a temporary ban on buying fuel within 50 km of the country border, but the ban was suspended following a price increase on June 7, 2008 for petrol of 41% (to MYR2.70 a litre) and for diesel of 63% (to MYR2.58).[16]
On 22 June 2008 the Malaysian government announced plans to set up separate pumps at its border petrol stations to sell fuel to foreigners at market rates so that only locals can benefit from subsidised petrol. The new pumps will target Singaporeans and Thais who make day trips across the border to fill their tanks with cheaper fuel there, although Singapore-registered cars must have their tanks at least ¾ full before they will be permitted to leave Singapore in any case. Petrol stations within 50 km (31 mi) of the country's northern border with Thailand and southern border with Singapore would be affected.[17] Recently, the fuel price has dropped until MYR 2.45 and it has dropped for the second time. A further reduction was made on November 1, 2008. RON97 petrol was reduced from RM2.30 a litre to RM2.15 a litre, RON92 petrol from RM2.20 a litre to RM2.05 a litre and diesel from RM2.20 a litre to RM2.05 a litre. The Government revealed that it had ceased subsidizing petrol as of 1 November 2008 when the price of oil dipped below US$65 per barrel. However subsidies were still being paid for diesel and natural gas.[18]
On 18 November 2008 the Malaysian government made further reductions in the price of gasoline cut pump prices by seven per cent to RM2.00 ringgit per litre and diesel by 15 sen to RM1.90 per litre. The government said that at current prices they were making about 30 sen per litre in sales. Then again on December 3, petrol prices were reduce further. Gasoline prices were reduced 10 sen to RM 1.90 per litre and as for diesel, they were reduced 10 sen to RM 1.80 per litre.[19] On 16 December 2008, the price of RON97 petrol is was reduced further to RM1.80, while RON92 is selling at RM1.70 a litre. The pump price of diesel was reduced to RM1.70 a litre.[20]
From 1 September 2009 however, the price for RON97 increased to RM2.05, while RON92 has been discontinued and replaced with RON95, at a price of RM1.80.[21] On 16 July 2010, petrol prices across the board was raised by 5 sen, which brought the prices of RON95, RON97 and diesel to RM1.85, RM2.10 and RM1.75 per litre respectively. Since then, RON97 floats with government controlled revision reflecting the global crude oil prices. As of 1 August 2010, only Malaysian-registered petrol vehicles may purchase RON95 fuel; foreign-registered vehicles (mainly from Singapore and Thailand) by law can only purchase RON97 (or diesel) at Malaysian service stations.
On 1 April 2011, RON97 increased from RM2.50 to RM2.70. In May 2011, RON97 further increased to RM2.90, another record high for RON97 in Malaysia. A drop of RM0.10 in June 2011 brings it to RM2.80 per litre, the first price reduction since RON97 was floated at market rates.
Mexican president Felipe Calderón has been subsidizing gasoline. This serves to quell inflationary pressures in Mexico. Mexico buys much of its gasoline and diesel from the United States and resells it at US$98 per barrel. Many residents of US border communities cross the border to buy fuel in Mexico,[22] thereby enjoying a fuel subsidy at the expense of Mexican taxpayers. This has caused supply shortages for Mexican drivers, especially truck and bus drivers who use diesel.[23]
See fuel tax for tax information by country.
The German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) has published a list of worldwide gasoline prices by country every year since 1991. The results for 2008 can be seen in this document. Two week updates for European countries can be consulted at the website of the Touring Club Switzerland.
| Country/Territory | US$/L (95 RON) |
US$/US gallon (95 RON) |
Local units | Date of price | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 1.65 | 6.25 | ALL165/L (€1.18) (RON 95) ALL160/L (€1.14) (Diesel) |
2011-08-13 | |
| Algeria | 0.41 | 1.55 | 30DA/L 95 octane (rare down south) regular 23DA/L diesel DA14/L or US$0.2) |
2010-11-7 | [2] |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 0.84 | 3.18 | EC$9.95/Imperial gallon (regular) EC$10.95/Imperial gallon (diesel) |
2009-02-12 | [3] |
| Andorra | 1.64 | 6.21 | €1.142/L (95) €1.192/L (98) €1.032/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [4] |
| Argentina | 0.92 | 3.48 | ARS $3.25/L (95) ARS $3.55/L (98) ARS $3.05/L (diesel) |
2010-01-13 | [5] |
| Aruba | 1.10 | 4.16 | Fl. 1.93/L | 2009-12-12 | [6] |
| Australia | 1.50 | 5.68 | AU$1.436/L | 2011-04-08 | [7] |
| Austria (Wien) | 1.95 | 7.38 | €1.352/L (95) €1.503/L (98) €1.352/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [8] |
| Azerbaijan | 0.75 | 2.84 | AZN 0.55/L (AI-92) AZN 0.60/L (AI-95) AZN 0.45/L (L-62 Diesel) |
2010-11-14 | [9] |
| Portugal - Azores (tax free) | 1.97 | 7.46 | €1.370/L (95 Octane) €1.430/L (98 Octane) €1.190/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [10] |
| Bahrain (Manama) | 0.27 | 1.02 | BHD 0.100/L (95 Octane) BHD 0.080/L (90 Octane) |
2008-04-29 | [11] |
| Belarus | 1.07 | 4.1 | Br3240/L (95) Br2580/L (Diesel) |
2010-05-12 | [12] |
| Belgium | 2.32 | 8.78 | €1.657/L (Eurosuper 95) €1.692/L (Super Plus 98) €1.45/L (Diesel) €0.66/L (LPG) |
2011-09-08 | [13] |
| Belize | 0.95 | 3.60 | BZ$8.46/Imperial gallon (regular) BZ$7.19/Imperial gallon (diesel) |
2009-07-18 | [14] |
| Bermuda | 1.80 | 6.81 | BMD1.80/L (Super) BMD1.60/L (Diesel) |
2010-07-30 | [15] |
| Bolivia | 0.54 | 2.04 | B3.74/L (super) B3.72/L (diesel) |
2010-12-30 | [16] |
| Bonaire | 1.34 | 5.07 | USD 1.34/L (super) USD 0.914/L (diesel) |
2011-04-05 | [17] |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.66 | 6.28 | KM2.25/L (95) KM2.30/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [18] |
| Brazil | 1.53 | 5.79 | R$2,54/L | 2010-12-21 | [19] |
| Brunei | 0.39 | 1.48 | BR$0.53/L | 2008-06-05 | Brunei Press Sdn Bhd [20] |
| Bulgaria | 1.74 | 6.59 | BGN 2.37/L (95) BGN 2.55/L (98) BGN 2.51/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [21] |
| Burma | 1.06 | 4.01[24] | K3100/Imperial gallon (regular) K3300/Imperial gallon (diesel) |
2008-11-21 | [22] |
| Cambodia | 0.63 | 2.38 | KhR2800/L | 2010-06-16 | |
| Canada | 1.30 | 4.92 | C$1.22/L | 2010-06-30 | [23] |
| Spain - Canary Islands (tax free) | 1.43 | 5.41 | €0.99/L (95 RON) €0.91/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [24] |
| Cape Verde | 1.40 | 5.30 | Esc103.7/L (gasoline) Esc83.4/L (diesel) |
2009-03-23 | [25] |
| Cayman Islands | 1.03 | 3.90 | KYD3.79/Imperial gallon (regular) KYD3.75/Imperial gallon (diesel) |
2009-09-11 | [26] |
| Chile | 1.36 | 5.15 | CLP 592/L | 2010-12-23 | [27] |
| China | 0.946 | 3.58 | RMB 6.46/L | 2010-04-24 | [28] |
| Colombia | 1.09 | 4.13 | COL$8000/US gallon (81 Octanos) COL$9595/US gallon (87 Octanos) |
2010-11-30 | [29] |
| Costa Rica | 1.07 | 4.05 | ¢601/L (super) ¢506/L (diesel) |
2009-10-01 | [30] |
| Croatia | 1.87 | 7.08 | HRK 9.59/L (95) HRK 10.03/L (98) HRK 9.28/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [31] |
| Curacao | 1.13 | 4.28 | ANG 2.0175/L (95 RON) ANG 1.466/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-05 | [32] |
| Cyprus | 1.814 | 6.87 | €1,219/L (95 RON) €1,309/L (Diesel) |
2011-12-16 | [33] |
| Czech Rep | 2.01 | 7.61 | CZK 34.20/L (95) CHZ 35.40/L (98) CZK 33.70/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [34] |
| Denmark | 2.36 | 8.93 | DKK 12.32/L (€1.65) (95) DKK 11.13/L (€1.49) (diesel) |
2011-03-10 | OK [35] |
| Dominican Republic | 1.62 | 6.13 | RD$234.5/US gallon (regular) RD$202.2/US gallon (diesel) |
2011-07-23 | [36] |
| Ecuador | 0.44 | 1.67 | US$1.68/US gallon (super) | 2011-11-15 | [37] |
| Egypt (Cairo) | 0.31 | 1.17 | LE1.3/L <90 octane LE1.75/L 92 octane LE1.1/L diesel ('solar') |
2010-11-07 | [38] |
| El Salvador | 0.85 | 3.22 | US$3.21/US gallon (regular) US$2.97/US gallon (diesel) |
2009-12-21 | [39] |
| Eritrea | 2.13 | 8.06 | N32/L(petrol) N12.6/L(diesel) |
2009-06-01 | [40] |
| Estonia | 1.80 | 6.81 | €1.252/L (95 RON) €1.292 (98 RON) €1.307/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [41] |
| Finland | 2.30 | 8.71 | €1.601/L (98E RON) €1.364/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [42] |
| France | 2.28 | 8.63 | €1.585/L (95) €1.468/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [43] |
| Germany | 2.17 | 8.21 | €1.55/L (Super E10, 95 RON) €1.58 (Super E5, 95 RON) €1.61/L (Super Plus E5, 98 RON) €1.41/L (Diesel) |
2011-09-07 | [44] |
| Greece | 2.29 | 8.67 | €1.593/L (Unleaded) €1.391/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [45] |
| Grenada | 1.01 | 3.82 | EC$11.98/Imperial gallon (regular) EC$11.71/Imperial gallon (diesel) |
2009-12-18 | [46] |
| Guatemala | 0.64 | 2.42 | Q19.99/US gallon(regular) Q16.79/US gallon(diesel) |
2009-04-14 | [47] |
| Guyana | 0.60 | 2.27 | G$549/Imperial gallon (regular) | 2009-02-14 | [48] |
| Haiti | 0.89 | 3.37 | G134/US gallon (95) G109/US gallon (diesel) |
2009-01-01 | [49] |
| Honduras | 0.87 | 3.29 | L62.15/US gallon (regular) L54.78/US gallon (diesel) |
2009-09-06 | [50] |
| Hong Kong | 2.16 | 8.18 | HK$17.71/L (Super Unleaded, RON98) HK$16.77/L (Super Unleaded, RON98) HK$12.04/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-10 | Shell Hong Kong/[51] |
| Hungary | 2.14 | 8.10 | HUF 385/L (95), HUF 375/L (diesel) HUF 282/L (E85) HUF 216/L (LPG) |
2011-04-18 | Holtankoljak [52] |
| Iceland | 1.85 | 7.00 | ISK 216/L (€1.37) (95) ISK 219/L (€1.39) (diesel) |
2011-02-15 | [53] |
| India | 1.58 | 5.98 | 73.09/L (Petrol) 42.06/L (diesel) 400/14.5Kg (Domestic LPG) |
2011-05-14 | |
| Indonesia | 0.59 | 2.23 | Rp 4500/L (RON 88) Rp 8700/L (RON 92) Rp 4500/L (Diesel) |
2011-03-17 | PT. Pertamina (Persero) [54] |
| Iran | 0.655 | 2.48 | 7000 Rials/L | 2010-12-19 | The Petroenergy Information Network Of Iran/[55] |
| Iraq | 0.38 | 1.44 | ID 450/L (95 Octane) ID 000/L (98 Octane) ID 400/L (Diesel) |
2010-12-30 | [56]< |
| Ireland | 2.15 | 8.14 | €1.490/L (Unleaded 95) €1.450/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [57] |
| Israel | 2.2 | 8.33 | NIS 7.49/L (95) NIS 7.8/L (diesel) |
2011-05-1 | |
| Italy | 2.33 | 8.82 | €1.729/L (98 RON) €1.591/L (Diesel) €1.680/L (Special_Diesel) €0.715/L (LPG-autogas) €0.929/Kg (Methane-autogas) National average, does not include self-service charges. |
2011-10-31 | [58] |
| Japan | 1.91 | 7.23 | ¥152.7/L | 2011-04-25 | The Oil Information Center Japan [59] |
| Jordan | 0.99 | 3.75 | D0.70/L (Unleaded 95) D0.51/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-25 | |
| Kazakhstan | 0.98 | 3.71 | KZT145/L (unleaded 95) KZT106/L (unleaded 92) |
2011-11-02 | |
| Kenya | 1.16 | 4.4 | Sh94/L (Super) Sh87/L (Diesel) |
2010-12-19 | [60] |
| Kuwait | 0.224 | 0.85 | KWD 0.060/L (91) KWD 0.065/L (95) KWD 0.090/L (98) |
2010-06-30 | KNPC (fixed prices) [61] |
| Latvia | 1.80 | 6.81 | LVL 0.887/L (95) LVL 0.902/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [62] |
| Liberia | 1.07 | 4.05 | L$280/US gallon | 2009-09-11 | |
| Libya | 0.17 | 0.64 | LD 0.2/L (95), LD 0.15/L (diesel) Oct 2010: LD135 fuel tax at border for foreign vehicles |
2010-11-07 | [63] |
| Lithuania | 1.92 | 7.27 | LTL 4.60/L (95) LTL 4.74/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [64] |
| Italy - Livigno (tax free) | 1.53 | 5.79 | €1.084/L (95 Octane) €0.963/L (Diesel) |
2011-10-31 | [65] |
| Luxembourg | 1.83 | 6.93 | EuroSuper 95 € 1.271/L SuperPlus 98 € 1.293/L Diesel € 1.212/L |
2011-12-02 | tcs.ch [66] |
| Macedonia | 1.71 | 6.47 | MKD 78.5/L (€1.28) (RON 98) MKD 77/L (€1.25) (RON 95) MKD 65.5/L (€1.07) (Diesel) |
2011-09-02 | tcs.ch [67] |
| Portugal - Madeira (tax free) | 2.09 | 7.91 | €1.454/L (95 Octane) €1.594/L (98 Octane) €1.312/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [68] |
| Malaysia | 0.61 | 2.31 | MYR 2.80/L (RON97) MYR 1.90/L (RON95) MYR 3.20/L (VPR) MYR 1.75/L (Diesel) |
2011-06-16 | [69] [70] |
| Malta | 1.61 | 6.1 | €1.43/L (Super) €1.33/L (Diesel) |
2011-08-07 | [71] |
| Mauritania | 0.94 | 3.6 | UM265/L petrol UM225/L diesel Prices 10-20% more up north |
2010-11-7 | [72] |
| Mexico (Mexico City) | 0.765 | 2.90 | MX$9.08/L | 2011-06-13 | Pemex [73] |
| Moldova | 1.32 | 5.00 | MDL 15.78/L (95) MDL 15.07/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [74] |
| Monaco | 1.87 | 7.08 | €1.30/L(95) €1.39/L(98) €1.11/L(diesel) |
2009-12-26 | [75] |
| Montenegro | 1.93 | 7.31 | €1.340/L (95) €1.300/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [76] |
| Morocco | 1.19 | 4.5 | MAD 10.65/L (€0.97) (95) MAD 7.65/L (€0.69) (Diesel) |
2010-04-18 | |
| Mozambique | 0.77 | 2.91 | MTn 23.1/L (regular) MTn 22.45/L (diesel) |
2009-11-17 | [77] |
| Netherlands | 2.05 | 7.76 | €1.724/L (Euro95) €1.385/L (Diesel) €1.789/L (Superplus) |
2011-09-07 | [78] |
| New Zealand | 1.68 | 6.36 | NZ$2.069/L (91 octane) NZ$2.149/L (95 octane) NZ$1.519/L (diesel) |
2011-11-16 | [79]/[80] |
| Nicaragua | 0.96 | 3.63 | C$19.98/L (premium) C$17.26/L (diesel) |
2009-08-24 | [81] |
| Nigeria (Lagos) | 0.87 | 3.29 | N141/L | 2012-01-01 | [82] |
| North Korea | 0.77 | 2.91 | KP? 111/L | 2009-12-26 | [83], estimated |
| Norway | 2.60 | 9.84 | NOK 14.08/L (95) NOK 13.52/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [84] |
| Oman | 0.31 | 1.17 | 0.12 Rials/L | 2007-02-28 | |
| Pakistan | 0.913 | 3.46 | PKR 88.95/L (Unleaded Premium) PKR 112.65/L (Unleaded-Hi Octane) PKR 94.15/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-03 | Pakistan State Oil [85] |
| Palestine (West Bank) | 2.04 | 7.72 | NIS 6.95/L (95/diesel) | 2011-10-01 | |
| Panama | 0.83 | 3.14 | US$3.35/US gallon (95) US$2.99/US gallon (diesel) |
2009-06-04 | [86] |
| Peru (Lima) | 0.95 | 3.60 | PEN S/.10.33/US gallon (95 Octane) S/.8.46/US gallon (diesel) |
2009-12-26 | PSO/[87] |
| Philippines (Manila) | 1.32 | 5.00 | P 55.95/L | 2011-09-09 | Shell Philippines [88] |
| Poland | 1.81 | 6.85 | PLN 5.05/L (95) PLN 4.99/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [89] |
| Portugal | 2.32 | 8.78 | €1.617/L (95) €1.730/L (98) €1.421/L (Diesel) |
2011-07-21 | maisgasolina.com [90] |
| Qatar (Doha) | 0.22 | 0.83 | QAR 1.00/L (97 Octane) QAR 0.85/L (90 Octane) |
2011-01-22 | [91] / The General Secretariat for Development Planning - State of Qatar |
| Romania (Bucharest) | 1.84 | 6.97 | RON 5.28/L (95) RON 5.31/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [92] |
| Russia (Moscow) | 0.94 | 3.56 | RUR 30.29/L (RON 98) RUR 27.29/L (RON 95) RUR 25.89/L (RON 92) RUR 23.49/L (RON 80) RUR 25.29/L (Winter diesel) |
2011-02-24 | |
| Russia (Kaliningrad) | 0.91 | 3.44 | RUR 25.3/L (diesel) | 2011-07-15 | [93] |
| Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Jeddah) | 0.16 | 0.61 | SAR 0.45/L (91 Octane) SAR 0.60/L (95 Octane) |
2008-07-31 | [25][26][27]
(fixed prices) |
| Serbia | 1.99 | 7.53 | EuroPremium RON 95 RSD 135.9/L (€1.40/L) EuroSuper RON 98 RSD 148.9/L (€1.54/L) EuroDiesel RSD 134.9/L (€1.39) |
2011-05-27 | |
| Sierra Leone | 1.05 | 3.97 | Le4500/L | 2011-05-27 | [28] |
| Singapore | 2.01 | 7.61 | S$2.50/L (RON 98) S$2.16/L (RON 95) S$2.10/L (RON 92) S$2.00/L (Diesel) |
2011-06-21 | Singapore Petroleum Company [94] |
| Slovakia | 2.08 | 7.87 | €1.460/L (95 Natural) €1.343/L (Diesel) €0.695/L (LPG) |
2011-06-26 | AAIreland.ie [95] |
| Slovenia | 1.86 | 7.04 | €1.29/L (95 Octane) €1.24/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [96] |
| South Africa | 1.49 | 5.64 | R9.93/L | 2011-06-04 | Shell [97] |
| South Korea | 1.45 | 5.49 | KRW 1,916/L | 2011-06-19 | [98] |
| Spain | 1.92 | 7.27 | €1.33/L (95 RON) €1.29/L (Diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [99] |
| Sri Lanka | 1.46 | 5.53 | LKR 155/L (95 Octane) LKR 137/L (90 Octane) LKR 81/L (Diesel) |
2011-10-31 | [29][30] |
| St Lucia | 1.00 | 3.79 | EC$2.70/L (regular) EC$2.66/L (diesel) |
2009-11-25 | [100] |
| Sweden | 2.30 | 8.71 | SEK 14.38/L (95), SEK 14.19/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [101] |
| Switzerland | 2.03 | 7.68 | CHF 1.81/L (Bleifrei 95) CHF 1.87/L (Super Plus 98) CHF 1.94/L (diesel) |
2011-04-06 | tcs.ch [102] |
| Switzerland - Samnaun (tax free) | 1.68 | 6.36 | CHF 1.50/L (RON 95) CHF 1.49/L (€1.05/L) (Diesel) |
2011-04-14 | Service station [103] |
| Syria | 0.8333 | 3.15 | SY 50 pound/L (unleaded) SY 15 pound/L (Diesel) |
2012-1-03 | |
| Taiwan | 0.9978 | 3.78 | NT$30.1/L (92 unleaded) NT$30.8/L (95 unleaded) NT$32.3/L (98 unleaded) |
2010-12-06 | [104] |
| Togo | 1.22 | 4.62 | CFA567/L (regular) CFA599/L (diesel) |
2011-06-06 | [105] |
| Thailand | 1.76 | 6.66 | ฿55.39 (RON 95) ฿51.69/L (RON 91) ฿32.19/L (Diesel) |
2011-08-31 | Shell Thailand [106] |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 0.64 | 2.42 | TT$4/L (premium) TT$2.70/L (super) $1.50/L (diesel) |
2008-10-26 | [107] |
| Tunisia | 0.99 | 3.75 | TND 1.27/L (€0.67) (95 RON) TND 0.91/L (€0.48) (Diesel) |
2009-09-24 | [108] |
| Turkey | 2.64 | 9.99 | TL 4.22/L (95 RON) TL 3.85/L (Diesel) |
2011-12-09 | [109] |
| Turkmenistan | 0.22 | 0.83 | TMM 3100/L | 2008-02-18 | [110] |
| UAE | 0.498 | 1.89 | AED 1.72/L (95 Octane) AED 1.83/L (98 Octane) AED 2.60/L (Diesel) |
20011-12-31 | [111] [112] |
| Ukraine | 1.24 | 4.69 | UAH 9.90/L (95 Octane) UAH 9.50/L (diesel) |
2011-04-19 | tcs.ch [113] |
| United Kingdom | 2.13 | 8.06 | £1.33/L (€1.48) (Unleaded) £1.41/L (€1.57) (Super) £1.37/L (€1.52) (Diesel) |
2011-07-06 | Petrolprices.com [114] |
| United States | 1.00 | 3.79 | $3.46/US gallon $3.69/US gallon (diesel) |
2011-10-12 | [115] |
| Uruguay (Montevideo) | 1.52 | 5.75 | U$ 29.7/L | 2009-12-26 | [116] |
| Uzbekistan | 1.07 | 4.05 | UZ SUM 1755/L (95) | 2011-01-01 | [117] |
| Venezuela | 0.023 | 0.09 | BsF. 0.097/L (95) BsF. 0.070/L (91) BsF. 0.048/L (diesel) |
2010-12-12 | [118] (fixed prices) (at "non-essential" exch. rate) |
| Vietnam | 1.03 | 3.90 | VND 21,800/L (RON 95) VND 21,300/L (RON 92) VND 21,100/L (Diesel) |
2011-03-29 | Petrolimex [119] |
| Vietnam (Phu Quoc/TS) | 1.18 | 4.47 | Ł2,544,251/VND 24,998 (RON 95) Ł2,331,470/VND 22,908 (RON 91) Ł1,955,766/VND 19,216 (Diesel) |
||
| Yemen | 0.73 | 2.76 | 150 Rials/L (diesel) | 2009-09-09 | [120] |
| Zambia | 1.61 | 6.09 | ZK7639/L (Gasoline) | 2010-09-24 | [121] |
At present petrol price hiked again by 1.82 rupees and now price varies from 69-77 rupees in various parts of India (04-November-2011). Protests against a hike in fuel prices shut down markets, schools, airports and businesses across India on 5 November 2011, and thousands of people were arrested as violence flared in some cities.[31]
The gas price reached 3 reais and over and some states, from April to May people made a creative kind of protest, they put only 0,50 cent of reais and asked for a quality test, and fiscal note. The gas prices rose since 2000s from about 1,90 R$ in 2000s to 2,70 in 2011.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/wrgp/mogas_home_page.html
